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Father and son publishers of the same name, the father b. in Cologne, and active in Paris from 1608-c.1666, the son c.1623-1694, who continued the business. Their products are impossible to distinguish, and are catalogued here under the one name.

English painter and printmaker. He attended Hubert von Herkomer’s school at Bushey (1888–9), but he was dismissed for ‘Whistlerian impudence’. He went to Paris in 1899 and enrolled for several months at the Académie Julian. As the Beggarstaff Brothers he and his brother-in-law James Pryde designed a series of striking posters (1893–9), which recall those of Toulouse-Lautrec. In 1896 Whistler recommended Nicholson to the London publisher William Heinemann, who commissioned An Alphabet, a series of woodcut illustrations. It appeared together with An Almanac of Twelve Sports and London Types in 1898. From 1900 Nicholson worked mainly in oils. At first his debt to Whistler was paramount, evident in Max (1900; London, N.P.G.), although his portrait of the actress Marie Tempest (1903; London, N.P.G.) invites comparison with the work of John Singer Sargent. By contrast Girl with the Tattered Glove (1909; Cambridge, Fitzwilliam) is uncompromising in its realism.

In 1917 Nicholson established his studio at a fashionable address in London’s St James’s. During the 1920s and 1930s he sustained a successful portrait practice but also indulged his interest in still-life and landscape. His later work reflected the influence of younger artists, including his son Ben Nicholson. Sir Winston Churchill was among his pupils (1934–6). Nicholson served as a trustee of the Tate Gallery (1934–6), and he was knighted in 1936.

Percy Lubbock was born on 4 June 1879 in London, the fourth child of Frederic Lubbock, merchant banker, and his wife, Catherine. He was educated at Eton College, then at King's College, Cambridge, where he was placed in the first class for the classical tripos in 1901.

After university Lubbock worked for the Board of Education in a post he found 'uncongenial'. In 1906 he was elected Pepys Librarian at Magdalene College. In that year his first book, Elizabeth Barrett Browning in her Letters, was published. In 1908 he gave up his post in order to devote himself to writing, and in 1909 he published Samuel Pepys.

Lubbock contributed regularly to the Times Literary Supplement between 1908 and 1914 and during the First World War worked on behalf of the Red Cross. Henry James was his idol and friend and after James's death in 1916 Lubbock orchestrated the publication of the unfinished works (The Ivory Tower, The Sense of the Past, and The Middle Years), a two-volume collection of letters, and a memoir.

In 1925 he published an edition of A. C. Benson's Diary, commemorating the Eton schoolmaster whose recommendation had secured Lubbock the post of Pepys Librarian.

In 1926 Lubbock married Lady Sybil Marjorie Scott (1879–1943). They lived at Villa Medici in Fiesole, Italy, for the next fourteen years. In the late 1940s Lubbock moved to Lerici on the Gulf of La Spezia and into his much prized Gli Scafari. He was appointed CBE in 1952. He died at Gli Scafari on 2 August 1965 and was buried at Lerici.

Vere Cotton was born on 5 May 1888, son of Charles Calveley Cotton and Kate de la Rue. He was educated at Repton School and Magdalene College (matric. 1907).
He fought in the First World War, where he was mentioned in despatches three times. He was awarded the Croca de Guerra and the Croix de Guerre and gained the rank of Honrary Colonel in the 470 Heavy AA Regiment, Royal Artillery (Territorial Army).
In 1922 he married Elfreda Helen Moore.
He was appointed CBE in 1937.
Between 1942 and 1954 he was Pro-Chancellor of Liverpol University and was Lord Mayor of Liverpool between 1951 and 1952. In 1956 he was the High Sheriff of Lancashire.
He died on 19 November 1970.