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Hills & Saunders was one of the leading Victorian photographic firms, started in 1860 as a partnership between Robert Hills, a hairdresser and wigmaker, and John Henry Saunders (1836–1890) [according to Wikipedia - the Hills & Saunders Website say they were formed in Oxfordshire in 1852].

They were social photographers with studios at different times in: London (society), Harrow, Eton, and Rugby, all locations of leading schools, Oxford and Cambridge, and Aldershot & Sandhurst (centres of the British army). They were successful, being appointed as photographers to members of the royal family, including the Prince of Wales and Princess Beatrice, and they were given a Royal Warrant as photographers to Queen Victoria in 1867; many of their photographs are still in the Royal Collection.

However, the network of branches did not remain united. The partnership of Robert Hills and John Henry Saunders was dissolved in 1889, although members of both families continued to operate local branches under the same name. Only the two main school branches, at Eton and Harrow, continued well into the 20th Century. Ultimately the Harrow business closed and the photo archive was acquired by the school, but the Eton business survived into the 21st century. In 2019 the historic company was acquired by its Oxfordshire based contemporary, Gillman & Soame, in order to preserve the extensive archives and ensure the future of the prestigious Victorian photographic studio. For further information and for copyright permission see: https://hillsandsaunders.co.uk/

Jaques of London, formerly known as John Jaques of London and Jaques and Son of London.

Founded in 1795 when Thomas Jaques, a farmer's son of French Huguenot descent, set up as a "Manufacturer of Ivory, Hardwoods, Bone, and Tunbridge Ware".
The company gained a reputation for publishing games under his grandson John Jaques the younger.

Jaques is said to have been instrumental in the invention and popularisation of Croquet.

The family tradition is that John Jaques II was a friend of Lewis Carroll who was one of the founding members of the croquet club at Oxford University.

According to Joe Jaques (a descendent of the founder) it is no surprise that croquet is in Alice in Wonderland because Lewis Carroll was a family friend and we had commissioned the illustrator Sir John Tenniel, who went on to illustrate Alice in Wonderland, to draw the original Happy Families characters when he was a cheap jobbing illustrator in 1851. Carroll’s niece Irene Dodgson then married John Jaques III.

Arthur Clutton-Brock was a lawyer and writer and friend of George Mallory and his wife Ruth. George and Ruth first met at a dinner held in the autumn of 1913 at the house of the Clutton-Brocks in Hindhead Road which wound up from the Wey Valley towards Charterhouse where George was teaching. Ruth lived with her father and two sisters at Westbrook, an elegant mansion, on the far side of the Wey Valley.

He was married to Evelyn who was also a friend of both George Mallory and his wife Ruth.

Lytton Strachey studied History at Trinity College, Cambridge (1899–1905). There he met Leonard Woolf, Clive Bell, Saxon Sydney-Turner, and Thoby Stephen (brother of Vanessa Bell and Virginia Woolf) and their friendship formed the basis of what became known as the Bloomsbury Group. In 1902 he was elected to the famous undergraduate society known as the Apostles, where he met Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore, Roger Fry, Desmond MacCarthy, E. M. Forster and John Maynard Keynes.

He was also introduced to George Mallory. On first sight he described Mallory in a letter to Vanessa Bell (Virginia Woolf's sister) in the following terms: “Mon Dieu! George Mallory! My hand trembles, my heart palpitates ... he’s six foot high, with the body of an athlete by Praxiteles and a face – oh incredible – the mystery of Botticelli, the refinement and delicacy of a Chinese print ...”

Master of Magdalene College, 1915-1925

Arthur Christopher Benson was born on 24 April 1862 at Wellington College and was the son of Edward White Benson (1829–1896), first Headmaster of Wellington College and later Archbishop of Canterbury, and his wife, Mary, née Sidgwick (1841–1918). In 1874 he won a scholarship to Eton College and in 1881 he went to King's College, Cambridge, where he got a First in the Classical Tripos in 1884. He returned to Eton as a school master in 1885, a post he held for 18 years despite having no real interest in it.

His real ambition was for a literary career. He completed a biography of his father in 1899, and throughout his life he wrote or edited around sixty books. He wrote the words of ‘Land of Hope and Glory’ set to Elgar's music, for the coronation of King Edward VII in 1902. He was able to retire from Eton and return to Cambridge on his appointment as joint editor (with the second Viscount Esher) on the first of three volumes of The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1837-1861.

In 1904 he became a fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge and in 1912 he became it's President. In December 1915 he was made Master, a post he held until his death. At the time he joined the College it was at a very low ebb, but his benefactions and energy transformed the College. He was helped by gifts totaling over £60,000 from an American admirer living in Switzerland, Mme de Nottbeck. He encouraged ‘modern’ subjects, not only English and history, but science, archaeology, and music. He also widened the range of school connections. He was friendly and helpful towards a large proportion of the undergraduates but he could also be combative, egotistical, and despotic.

In 1907–8 and again in 1917–22 he suffered from prolonged bouts of depression and withdrew from society.

He was a prolific diarist writing 180 volumes between 1897 and 1925.

He died in the Old Lodge at Magdalene College on 17 June 1925.

George Mallory was a student at Magdalene College, Cambridge (1905-1909) and member of the 1921, 1922, and 1924 British Mount Everest Expeditions. He disappeared with Andrew Irvine attempting to summit Mount Everest in 1924. His body was discovered in 1999.

George Leigh Mallory was born on 18 June 1886 at Mobberley, Cheshire, the eldest son of Herbert Leigh Mallory (1856–1943), rector of Mobberley and later vicar of St John's, Birkenhead, and his wife, Annie Beridge Jebb. He had an elder and a younger sister (Mary and Avie) and a brother, Sir Trafford Leigh Leigh-Mallory (who attended Magdalene College 1911-1914). His father changed his surname to Leigh-Mallory in 1914.

Mallory was educated at Winchester College (1900–05) before joining Magdalene College where he studied history under A. C. Benson. He was secretary and later Captain of the Boat Club, a member of the College's Kingsley Club, the University's Fabian Society and the Marlowe Dramatic Club. He was the College's representative on the committee of the University's Women's Suffrage Association. His circle of friends included many members of the Bloomsbury Group including Lytton and James Strachey, Duncan Grant (who painted several nude studies of him 1912-1913) and John Maynard Keynes.

After graduating he stayed in Cambridge for a year to write an essay which he later published as Boswell the Biographer (1912). During 1909–1910 he lived for five months at Roquebrune in the Alpes Maritimes to improve his French in preparation for a teaching career. In 1910 Mallory became an assistant master at Charterhouse, Godalming, Surrey, where he taught English, history, and French, and introduced students, including Robert Graves, to mountain climbing.

On 29 July 1914 Mallory married Ruth, daughter of Hugh Thackeray Turner, an architect. They had two daughters and a son. He was required to remain at Charterhouse when war came, and wrote a pamphlet, War Work for Boys and Girls (1915), to promote international understanding. He was later commissioned in the Royal Garrison Artillery as 2nd Lieutenant in December 1915, and assigned to the 40th Siege Battery, where he participated in the shelling at the Battle of the Somme. Transferred to a staff position, he served as a liaison officer with the French and was promoted to 1st Lieutenant before being invalided home. He returned to France for the final months of the war. After the war he became increasingly dissatisfied with school teaching and drafted an unpublished public school novel.

Mallory's main passion was mountaineeringand he climbed in the Alps, the Lakes, and north Wales. His climbing companions included Geoffrey Winthrop Young, Geoffrey Keynes, and Cottie Sanders (the novelist Ann Bridge). As a rock-climber he was renowned for his grace and sense of balance, but he also had a reputation for impetuosity, imprudence, and absent-mindedness.

Geoffrey Winthrop Young persuaded Mallory to join the first Everest expedition in 1921 because it would make his name and enhance his career as an educator or writer. In 1921 he explored the Tibetan side of Everest and reached the north col with Guy Henry Bullock (1887–1956) of the diplomatic service, who was a school friend of Mallory's from Winchester, and several porters. In 1922 he returned to Everest and reached 8200 metres without supplemental oxygen, saving the lives of three companions when they slipped on the descent. After George Finch's party went even higher with oxygen, Mallory led an ill-advised attempt to reach the north col after a heavy snowstorm that resulted in the deaths of seven porters in an avalanche.

Mallory lectured on Everest in Britain in 1922 and in America in 1923. The New York Times (18 March 1923) reported that when asked why climb Everest, Mallory replied, 'Because it's there.' In May 1923, he became a lecturer and assistant secretary in the Cambridge University Board of Extramural Studies.

In 1924 Mallory was promoted to climbing leader on Everest when Colonel E. F. Norton unexpectedly replaced General C. G. Bruce, who had fallen ill, as overall leader. Despite a prevailing prejudice, which he had shared, against oxygen, Mallory wanted to use it after seeing the benefits in 1922, and as he became increasingly obsessed with conquering the mountain. He developed a plan to give himself the best chance to reach the summit by using oxygen with his climbing partner Andrew Irvine. After two unsuccessful attempts without oxygen, he put his plan into action. Mallory and Irvine left their camp on the north-east ridge on 8 June 1924, and were seen momentarily through a break in the clouds by Noel Odell (1890–1987), who said they were probably on a rock outcrop known as the Second Step, below the final summit pyramid. Their location during this sighting has been the subject of debate. After they failed to return, a memorial cairn was erected at the foot of Everest, and memorial services were held at Magdalene College, Cambridge, at Merton College, Oxford, at St John's, Birkenhead, and on 17 October 1924 at St Paul's Cathedral, London.

Mallory's friends wanted to believe that he reached the summit, though this remains unproven, and it is usually assumed that he did not. In 1933 Percy Wyn Harris found an ice axe on bare slabs of rock below the First Step with markings that matched those on Irvine's walking sticks. In 1975 Wang Hung-Bao (d. 1979), a Chinese climber, found the body of an 'English dead' in old-fashioned clothing on a ledge at about 26,600 feet, also below the First Step. In 1999 an expedition dedicated to searching for Mallory and Irvine found Mallory's frozen body on a snow terrace at 27,000 feet. The body was identified by a name tag sewn into Mallory's clothing. After a brief ceremony, Mallory's body was reburied in the snow on 1 May 1999.

Article: 'Magdalene on the Rocks' (D.J.H. Murphy) College Magazine, No. 50 (2005-06)
Article: 'The unlikely hero of Everest: the other side of George Mallory' (R. Hyam), College Magazine, No. 62 (2017-18)

Andrew C. Irvine was a member of the 1924 British Mount Everest Expedition. He disappeared with George Mallory attempting to summit Mount Everest in 1924. His body has not been discovered (George Mallory's body was discovered in 1999).

Andrew 'Sandy' Irvine was born at 56 Park Road South, Birkenhead, Cheshire, on 8 April 1902, the second son and third of six children of William Fergusson Irvine (1869–1962), a merchant trading with Africa and a distinguished Cheshire antiquary, and his wife, Lilian Davies-Colley (d.1950), daughter of Thomas Charles Davies-Colley, a Manchester solicitor. He had four brothers and a sister.

He was educated at Birkenhead preparatory school, Shrewsbury School, and Merton College, Oxford, where he matriculated on 24 January 1922 to study engineering. He was tall and stout, with a muscular physique, and was nicknamed Sandy because of his blonde hair and fair complexion. He was known as a powerful oarsman at Shrewsbury and Oxford, and gained his blue as a freshman in 1922, when he rowed no. 2 against Cambridge.

In 1923 he joined a sledging party to Spitsbergen with Noel Odell, who recommended him for the Everest expedition in 1924. Despite Irvine's inexperience as a climber, Mallory appears to have chosen him as his partner on Everest because he valued his mechanical ability with the unreliable oxygen apparatus, admired his strength and stamina, and may have seen him as a protégé. He died alongside Mallory in the final attempt to summit in June 1924. His body has never been recovered.

A memorial to him, by Eric Gill, was placed in Merton College grove. Irvine's Everest diaries were published in 1979.

Noel Odell was a member of the 1924 British Mount Everest Expedition and last person to see George Mallory and Andrew Irvine alive.

In 1924 Odell was an oxygen officer on the Everest expedition. He spent two weeks living above 23,000 ft and twice climbed to 26,800 ft and higher, without supplemental oxygen. In 1936 Noel Odell with Bill Tilman climbed Nanda Devi, at the time the highest mountain climbed.

On 8 June 1924 George Mallory and Andrew Irvine attempted to summit Mount Everest via the Northeast Ridge route. Odell reported seeing them at 12:50 p.m. ascending one of the major "steps" on the North-East ridge, "the last step but one from the base of the final pyramid" and "going strongly for the top." The is no evidence to prove reached the summit, or that they ascended above the major second step. They never returned and died on the mountain.

In his first two accounts, written between June and November 1924, Odell was certain he had seen Mallory and Irvine climbing the second step, but in the expedition account published in 1925, and after mounting skepticism from members of the climbing community as to whether it was the second step or the lower first step, Odell conceded it might have been the first step. After he had been rejected as too old for the next Everest expedition, he recanted his change of mind and returned to the belief that he had seen the two climbers on the second step. Had they done climbed this, there would have been a fair chance that one of them, at least, might have reached the summit.

Ruth Turner was born on 10 June 1892 and was the daughter of Hugh Thackeray Turner (a prosperous architect) and his wife May. She lived at Westbrook, an elegant house on the far side of the Wey Valley, with her two sisters Marjorie and Mildred. Her mother died in 1907.

She first met George Mallory at a dinner in the Autumn of 1913 at the house of Arthur Clutton-Brock, a lawyer and writer who lived in Hindhead Road not far from Charterhouse School where George was teaching. They met socially several times over the next few months and in March 1914 Thackeray Turner invited George to accompany him and his daughters on a trip to Italy. George and Ruth fell in love during the week long’s holiday and became engaged. They married on 29 July 1914 and had three children:

Clare (1915-2001) who married Glenn Millikan (Glen died in a climbing accident in Tennessee in 1947)
Beridge (1917-1953) who married David Robertson
John (1920-present) who married Jenifer Krohn (climbed Mount Everest in 1995).

After George's death she and the three children moved back to Westbrook to live with her father. When he died in 1937 Westbrook was sold and Ruth lived with a cousin.

In 1939 she married her friend Will Arnold-Forster after the death of his wife.

She died of cancer in 1942. Her daughter, Berry Robertson, also died of the disease in 1953.

Portraitist and landscape painter with works in government and regional art collections (Ipswich and Hertfordshire).
Richard Evelyn Fuller Maitland was the son of the art collector and Liberal politician William Fuller Maitland (1884–1932), of Stansted Hall, Essex. William Maitland had inherited from his own father an important collection of early Italian paintings, nine of which he sold to the National Gallery, London, in 1878, including The Mystic Nativity by Sandro Botticelli. Educated at Harrow School, Richard Maitland went on to study at Sir Hubert Herkomer’s Art School, Bushey, Hertfordshire. He also pursued a part-time military career, gaining the rank of captain in the Scots Guards. Essentially a gentleman-artist, Maitland exhibited twice at the Royal Academy, in 1904 and in 1921, when he showed a portrait of a judge, Edwin Max Konstam. His known oeuvre is small and includes A Mediterranean Scene (Bushey Museum and Art Gallery, 2004.108.1), a portrait of Sir Frederick Liddell, First Parliamentary Counsel, dated 1913 (Government Art Collection, no. 1203) and two portraits of senior members of the Admiralty. Also in 1913, Magdalene College, Cambridge, commissioned a sketch from Maitland of Thomas Hardy, then aged seventy-two.

Second son of Sir John Acton. Entered Magdalene as a Fellow-Commoner in July 1819 but as a Roman Catholic, he could not proceed to a degree. The Test Act excluded Roman Catholics from the University and from taking degrees at this time, but was not a bar to residence in Magdalene as a Fellow Commoner.

Entered the service of papal government, elevated to the Sacred College in 1837, and became a Cardinal in 1842. During the pontificate of Gregory XVI he was consulted on all British questions. In December 1845. He was sole witness to the famous papal audiences with Czar Nicholas I.
Cardinal Acton was the uncle of Lord Acton, Regius Professor of Modern History.

In the College Magazine
Article: 'Magdalene's Cardinal and his Family. A Study in Scarlet', College Magazine, No. 46 (2001-02), pp. 95-106 (D.J.H. Murphy)

Speaker of the House of Commons, 1529; Lord Keeper, 1532-1533; Lord Chancellor, 1533-1544, who presided over the trials of Sir Thomas More and Bishop Fisher. Regarded as the founder of Magdalene College, by virtue of securing its re-foundation through Letters Patent granted by the King, almost certainly choosing the dedication as a pun on his own name. He has the reputation of being not a very nice man (a heart as black as marble).

Educated at Winchester College, 1734-1736. Captain in the Foot Guards, 1744. Distinguished service in Seven Years War. Made a General in 1778 and Field-Marshal in 1796.
Was MP for Andover between 1749 and 1784.
Awarded KB in 1761.
Served as Lord Lieutenant of Essex, 1784 - 1797.

Died without issue, so the Barony was devolved on Richard Neville.

Matriculated in 1927 and achieved a first class in all parts of the Mathematical Tripos.

Chief Cryptographer at Bletchley Park, during the Second World War, where ‘the outstanding skill and inventiveness of Dennis Babbage and his team’ is now acknowledged (D. Taunt), together with his legendary skill at billiards (Michael Smith, Station X: the code-breakers of Bletchley Park (2000) p 41).

Bye-Fellow, 1931 - 1933
Fellow, 1933 - 1991
Director of Studies in Mathematics, 1934 - 1977
Tutor, 1946
Senior Tutor, 1964 - 1973
President 1973 - 1979 (Acting Master, Michaelmas, 1978)
University Lecturer, 1936 - 1976
Senior Proctor, 1953 - 1954

In March 1962 he married Stephana Gaselee, daughter of Lady Gaselee and the late Sir Stephen Gaselee (Fellow of Magdalene, 1908 - 1943).

He was a distant relative of the 19th century mathematician Charles Babbage but was not a descendant.

Painter and draughtsman, born in Brighton, Sussex. Studied at Brighton School of Art, 1918–20, where he had a scholarship. Horton was a man of strong radical convictions, and because he was an absolute conscientious objector he had to endure two years’ hard labour in Carlton Prison, Edinburgh, 1916–18, during World War I. From 1916–18 was at Central School of Arts and Crafts under A S Hartrick and Ernest Jackson, then with a Royal Exhibition attended Royal College of Art, under Randolph Schwabe and Allan Gwynne-Jones, 1922–5. Horton went on to teach at the Royal College, 1930–49, where he was a highly respected figure, becoming Ruskin Master of Drawing at Oxford University, 1949. Taught voluntarily at the Working Men’s College, London, for a time.

Matriculated from Magdalene College, 1929. Bye-fellow, 1935-1936; College lecturer in history, 1936-1982; Official Fellow, 1938; Tutor, 1952 - 1980; President, 1979-1982.
During the Second World War, he served at Bletchley Park as an intelligence analyst, translating and evaluating the Ultra decrypts of the German Enigma cipher.
As a historian, he achieved eminence in two unrelated fields: medieval ecclesiastical history and modern military history.

College Magazine
Obituary by R. Hyam, College Magazine, vol. 46 (2001-02) pp 12-17

He studied Fine Arts at the Westminster School of Art. During World War II, he was commissioned in the Intelligence Corps and joined the diplomatic service as an Attaché de Presse in the British embassies of Baghdad and Cairo. He resigned in 1948 to become a full-time portrait painter and in 1949 had his first one-man show in London and exhibited at the Royal Academy. A period of global travelling was followed by ten years painting in the United States (New York and Washington D.C.) His exhibition at the Washington gallery was opened by the then British Ambassador, the Earl of Cromer, formerly Governor of the Bank of England. In the early 1960s, he spent time in Cambridge doing portraits of college luminaries and also for local families. After he returned to England in 1976, Robert Tollast divided his time among Switzerland, France (Paris) and Italy (Milan and Florence) and Austria (Vienna) with occasional visits to Germany. During long visits to South Africa, he painted three generations of the Oppenheimer family, among other prominent figures in industry. The list of Tollast's most interesting portrait commissions includes clients internationally prominent in the arts, sciences, industry and politics, of which one of the most notable is that of Sir Winston Churchill. This was the last official portrait, of which the sitter — notoriously difficult over portraits of himself — went on record to express his approval.
Robert Tollast's most recent important commission was to paint, in oil, all the partners of the partners of the Geneva private bank Lombard Odier & Cie. He also works in water-colour and pastel and is a notably successful painter of children. At the time of his death, Tollast was royal court painter to the Habsburg family of Austria.

A French sculptor best known for his Art Nouveau bronze depictions of historic figures like Mozart and Gaelic warriors, scenes from Greek mythology, rustic peasants in Tunisia, and pedigreed animals. Born in 1865 in France, he studied with his father the famed sculptor Jean Didier Début, who specialized in more traditionally realistic figurative work, as well as under Henri Michel Antoine Chapu, a renowned sculptor of bronze and marble, at the École des Beaux-Arts. Début began exhibiting both as a painter and sculptor at the Salon of 1883 up until the start of World War I, when the Salon was suspended. The artist died in 1933 in France. 

Hugh Dalton studied mathematics at King's College, Cambridge changing to Economics part way through his undergraduate studies. He was close friends with Rupert Brooke and President of the University's Fabian Society of which George Mallory was a member. He later served in the post war Labour Government including serving two years as the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

Rupert Brooke studied Classics at King's College, Cambridge between 1906 and 1909 where he met and became friends with Hugh Dalton. He became involved in various Cambridge groups, and was widely acknowledged as a handsome and charismatic figure about the university. He was a member of the Fabian Society and the Marlowe Dramatic Society both of which George Mallory was also a member.

Alwyn Faber Scholfield was educated at Eton College and then studied Classics at King's College Cambridge. After graduating, he travelled and taught for a year at Eton. He worked in Cambridge University Library on classical and early printed books in 1911–12 and in 1913 he went to Calcutta as keeper of the records of the Government of India and officiating librarian of the Imperial Library, Calcutta. From 1919 to 1923 he was librarian at Trinity College, Cambridge. He was elected librarian of the University of Cambridge in 1923, and held that post until 1949. During his tenure he supervised the removal of the library from Old Schools to its current site and managed it on restricted resources during the Second World War.

Born in 1956, Andrew Ingamells trained at St.Albans School of Art and the London College of Printing before embarking on a career as a graphic designer and illustrator. It was during this time that he started making drawings of individual buildings and architectural landscapes of London.

In 1987 he was invited to Clarendon Graphics, the print studio set up by Anthony Benjamin, to make aquatint etchings from some of his achitectural drawings. So began his love affair with a traditional printing method that has barely changed in centuries, continuing a tradition of neo classical draughtsmanship made popular by Piranesi.

Andrew has worked in close collaboration with master printmakers Pete Kosowicz and Simon Marsh, and with fine art print publisher Martin Village.

He has exhibited at many London venues over the years including CCA Galleries, The Grosvenor Gallery, The Curwen Gallery and The Royal Academy. His work is held in corporate and public collections including the Tate Gallery, HRH the Prince of Wales, English Heritage, The National Trust, The Paul Mellon Centre for British Art, Shell Oil and the City of London Guildhall Library who put on a retrospective exhibition of his work.

Notable works have included the Basilica San Marco in Venice, the Duomo di Firenze, Jefferson’s Monticello in Virginia and every one of Nicholas Hawksmoor's seven London Churches.

Andrew is currently working on a series of topographic line-plate etchings of the Oxford and Cambridge colleges, a project which has not been undertaken so seriously or comprehensively since the engravings of David Loggan's Cantabrigia Illustrata of the 1680s. He has also begun a series of studies of Ivy League universities in the United States and has recently completed studies of the three Inns of Court in London.

Italian sculptor whose success was a product of his lifelike and original interpretation of form when Italian sculpture was deteriorating into a mannered imitation of the works of Antonio Canova. Dupré was the son of a carver in wood. Tuscan. He had a museum in Fiesole, but this is now closed.

A French sculptor best known for his bronze-cast figurines. His allegorical Art Nouveau works often depicted women, children, cherubs, and historical figures adorned with floral motifs and ornaments, and were influential to other artists working at the time. Born in Dijon, France in 1855 to a celebrated family of sculptors, including his father, Auguste Moreau, he went on to regularly exhibit his work at the Paris Salon from 1861 on. The artist died in 1919 in France.

A Tuscan artist working in Florence, he produced decorative marbles and alabasters for the European market.

An Italian sculptor presumed to have been from Volterra. From 1883 to 1885, he studied at Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze and spent most of his career in Florence, Italy. He was skilled in sculpting both marble and alabaster and most often produced female nudes, usually smaller than life-size figures. His female nudes featured highly polished skin and emphasized the curves of hips and waistlines.

Augustin Edme Moreau-Vauthier, (French, 1831-1893) exhibited La Fortune also referred to as L’Abondance, at the Paris Salon of 1878. the bronze has a gold patina, is signed with the foundry mark on the verso F. Barbedienne on the left side of base. Moreau Vauthier debuted in the Paris salon of 1857 with an ivory sculpture. Early in his career he simply signed Moreau but in 1865, he started working in bronze and signed his work with a hyphenated Moreau-Vauthier to distinguish himself from other sculptors who carried the Moreau signature such as Mathurin, Hippolyte and others who later became equally if not more successful.

Peynot was born in Villeneuve-sur-Yonne, Burgundy. He became well known following his Grand Prize at the Prix de Rome sculpture competition in 1880 and a left a legacy of numerous monuments and reliefs in France as well as Argentina and Ecuador. He died in Paris in 1932.Emilé Edmond Peynot studied under Joffrey and Robinet, first exhibiting at the Salon des Artistes Fraçais 1873, later achieving the Grand Prix de Rome in 1880 and gold medals at the Paris Expositions Universelles in 1889 and 1900. His work is held by museums in Paris and his public commissions for public squares and monuments in Paris at the Petit Palais, the Opera-Comique, and the Lyon train station are lasting preservations of his achievements.