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Prince of Orange and Stadtholder of Holland (1626-1650).

Dutch anti-classicist and extravagant artist working at a time when classicism dominated Dutch art, he was the most ardent propagandist of the era of William and Mary, producing dozens of illustrated broadsheets on the main events of their reign. Besides these, De Hooghe illustrated some hundred books, including literary texts and historical and topographical works.

Son of Louis XVI, proclaimed King of France by royalists in 1793. Placed in the care of a shoemaker by the Republican government after the execution of his father, he probably died of neglect.

Trained as a lawyer, was a member of the French legislature and accompanied his brother, Napoleon I, on military campaigns. He held diplomatic posts before and after his brother’s coup in 1799, including negotiating the Treaty of Amiens with Britain in 1802. He was made king of Naples by Napoleon in 1806, where he reformed justice, landowning, finance, and education, but in 1808 was ordered by Napoleon to become king of Spain. There his reforms were resisted and he was heavily dependent on French troops and advisers.

Wife of Joshua Bates (1788-1864), American financier.

Revolutionary and politician in United States of America.

Belgian politician.

French politician.

The last king of France (1774–92) before the French Revolution.

In 1804 Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of the French, and embarked on a series of campaigns known as the Napoleonic Wars.

A daughter of Maria Theresa and the Emperor Francis I, she married the future Louis XVI of France in 1770, becoming queen four years later. She became a focus for opposition to reform and won widespread unpopularity through her extravagant lifestyle. Like her husband she was imprisoned during the French Revolution and eventually executed.